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Christmas Island
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Background:
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Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park. |
| Geography | Christmas Island |
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Location:
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Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia |
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Geographic coordinates: | 10 30 S, 105 40 E |
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Map references:
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Southeast Asia |
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Area:
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total: 135 sq km
water: 0 sq km land: 135 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC |
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Land boundaries:
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0 km |
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Coastline:
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80 km |
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Maritime claims - as described in UNCLOS 1982 (see Notes and Definitions):
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territorial sea: 12 NM
contiguous zone: 12 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM |
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Climate:
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tropical with a wet and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds; wet season December to April |
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Terrain:
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steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Murray Hill 361 m |
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Natural resources:
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phosphate, beaches |
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Land use:
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arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (1998 est.) |
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Irrigated land:
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NA sq km |
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Natural hazards:
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the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard |
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Environment - current issues:
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NA |
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Geography - note:
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located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean |
| People | Christmas Island |
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Population:
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396 (July 2004 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: NA%
15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% (2004 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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-9% (2004 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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NA births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Death rate:
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NA deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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NA (2004 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: NA%
male: NA% female: NA% (2004 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: NA years
female: NA years (2004 est.) male: NA years |
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Total fertility rate:
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NA children born/woman (2004 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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NA% |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun: Christmas Islander(s)
adjective: Christmas Island |
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Ethnic groups:
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Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10%
note: no indigenous population (2001) |
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Religions:
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Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997) |
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Languages:
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English (official), Chinese, Malay |
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Literacy:
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NA |
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People - note:
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The Australian Bureau of Statistics reports a population of 1508 as of the 2001 Census |
| Government | Christmas Island |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island
conventional short form: Christmas Island |
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Dependency status:
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territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services |
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Government type:
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NA |
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Capital: | The Settlement |
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Administrative divisions:
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none (territory of Australia) |
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Independence:
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none (territory of Australia) |
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National holiday:
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Australia Day, 26 January (1788) |
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Constitution:
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NA |
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Legal system:
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under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general
head of government: Administrator Evan WILLIAMS (since 1 November 2003) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held 3 May 2003 (next to be held NA 2005) |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court |
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Political parties and leaders:
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none |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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none |
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International organization participation:
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none |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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none (territory of Australia) |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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none (territory of Australia) |
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Flag description:
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the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory |
| Economy | Christmas Island |
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Economy - overview:
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Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, projected to begin operations in mid-2004 |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $NA |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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NA% |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $NA |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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NA% |
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Labor force:
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NA |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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NA |
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Unemployment rate:
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NA% |
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Budget:
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revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA |
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Industries:
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tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion) |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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NA% |
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Electricity - production:
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NA kWh |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: NA%
hydro: NA% other: NA% nuclear: NA% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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NA kWh |
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Agriculture - products:
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NA |
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Exports:
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$NA |
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Exports - commodities:
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phosphate |
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Exports - partners:
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Australia, NZ |
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Imports:
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$NA |
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Imports - commodities:
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consumer goods |
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Imports - partners:
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principally Australia |
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Debt - external:
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$NA |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$NA |
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Currency:
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Australian dollar (AUD) |
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Currency code:
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AUD |
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Exchange rates:
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Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.5419 (2003), 1.9354 (2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173(2000), 1.5497 (1999) |
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Fiscal year:
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1 July - 30 June |
| Communications | Christmas Island |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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NA |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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NA |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: service provided by the Australian network
domestic: only analog mobile telephone service is available international: country code - 61; satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service (2000) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004) |
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Radios:
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1,000 (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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NA |
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Televisions:
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600 (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.cx |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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2 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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NA |
| Transportation | Christmas Island |
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Railways:
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24 km to serve phosphate mines |
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Highways:
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total: 240 km
paved: 30 km unpaved: 210 km (2000) |
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Waterways:
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none |
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Ports and harbors:
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Flying Fish Cove |
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Merchant marine:
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none |
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Airports:
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1 (2003 est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2003 est.) |
| Military | Christmas Island |
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Military - note:
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defense is the responsibility of Australia |
| Transnational Issues | Christmas Island |
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Disputes - international:
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none |